{"id":4946,"date":"2022-12-28T11:36:15","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T11:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/?page_id=4946"},"modified":"2023-09-19T03:26:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T03:26:49","slug":"autism-spectrum-disorders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"Autism Spectrum Disorders"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4946\" class=\"elementor elementor-4946\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e415584 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e415584\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ac6de1\" data-id=\"8ac6de1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f708b6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f708b6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3431a7d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3431a7d9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4ec2ca\" data-id=\"5a4ec2ca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1163a11c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1163a11c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a91da92\" data-id=\"7a91da92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f24165c\" data-id=\"f24165c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3474bfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3474bfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d15a2b\" data-id=\"6d15a2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74d1d6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74d1d6c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6918da9\" data-id=\"6918da9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7ad2be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7ad2be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>-\u201cAutism Spectrum Disorder\u201d (ASD) ialah gangguan perkembangan saraf yang menyebabkan gangguan dalam komunikasi, tingkah laku dan fungsi sosial yang bermula pada zaman kanak-kanak.Diagnosis awal dan intervensi segera bagi kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD adalah penting untuk hasil yang lebih baik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0fb9c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0fb9c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ee084a\" data-id=\"7ee084a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e682a8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-accordion\" data-id=\"e682a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-adv-accordion\" id=\"eael-adv-accordion-e682a8f\" data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" data-accordion-id=\"e682a8f\" data-accordion-type=\"accordion\" data-toogle-speed=\"300\">\n    <div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"diagnosa\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Diagnosa<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"diagnosa\"><p>-\u201cModified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers\u201d (M-CHAT) boleh digunakan sebagai alat saringan untuk ASD di kalangan kanak-kanak berumur 18 bulan dan diulangi semula pada 24 bulan jika kanak-kanak itu melepasi M-CHAT yang lebih awal.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Ia boleh digunakan untuk menyaring kanak-kanak sehingga umur 30 bulan sekiranya kanak-kanak itu terlepas saringan awal.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Kanak-kanak yang disyaki menghidap ASD pada sebarang umur oleh keluarga atau penjaga\u00a0 harus dirujuk untuk penilaian,tanpa mengira keputusan saringan.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Diagnosis ASD perlu dibuat secara klinikal, berdasarkan sejarah dan pemerhatian yang komprehensif<\/p><p>-Penilaian audiologi harus dilakukan pada kanak-kanak yang mempunyai atau disyaki mempunyai ASD.<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"faktor-risiko-asd\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"2\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Faktor Risiko ASD<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" aria-labelledby=\"faktor-risiko-asd\"><p>-Peningkatan umur ibu bapa<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Umur ibu &gt;40 tahun<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Umur bapa &gt;50 tahun<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Anak sulung daripada ibu berumur &gt;35 tahun dan bapa berumur &gt;40 tahun<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"ciri-ciri-utama\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"3\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Ciri-ciri Utama<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" aria-labelledby=\"ciri-ciri-utama\"><p>-Defisit dalam komunikasi sosial dan interaksi sosial dalam pelbagai konteks.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Corak tingkah laku, minat atau aktiviti yang terhad dan berulang.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Gejala mesti ada dalam tempoh perkembangan awal (tetapi mungkin tidak menjadi nyata sepenuhnya sehingga tuntutan sosial melebihi kapasiti terhad, atau mungkin disembunyikan oleh strategi yang dipelajari di kemudian hari).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Gejala boleh menyebabkan kemerosotan yang ketara secara klinikal dalam bidang sosial, pekerjaan atau lain-lain yang penting dalam fungsi semasa.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Gangguan ini tidak dijelaskan dengan lebih baik oleh ketidakupayaan intelektual (Gangguan perkembangan intelektual) atau Kelewatan perkembangan global.<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"komorbiditi\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"4\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Komorbiditi<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" aria-labelledby=\"komorbiditi\"><p>Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD boleh mengalami pelbagai masalah, iaitu masalah emosi, perhatian, aktiviti, pemikiran, tingkah laku dan perubatan.Diagnosis gangguan \u2018komorbid\u2019 adalah sangat penting kerana ia boleh menyebabkan kemerosotan klinikal yang ketara pada kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Komorbiditi yang selalu dijumpai pada pesakit Autisme:<\/p><p>a) Kurang upaya intelektual<\/p><p>b) Gangguan \u201cAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder\u201d (ADHD)<\/p><p>c) Gangguan tidur<\/p><p>d) Epilepsi<\/p><p>e) Masalah gastrousus seperti masalah penyusuan dan sembelit<\/p><p>f) Ketidakkoordinasian motor seperti tulisan tangan yang lemah<\/p><p>g) Gangguan psikiatri lain seperti \u2018Keresahan\u2019 dan gangguan Kemurungan<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"rawatan\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"5\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Rawatan<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" aria-labelledby=\"rawatan\"><p>1. Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD harus dirawat oleh pelbagai disiplin.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>2. Ibu bapa atau penjaga harus mengambil bahagian secara aktif dalam intervensi yang ditawarkan kepada kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>3. Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD harus diberi intervensi:<\/p><p>-\u201cApplied Behaviour Analysis\u201d<\/p><p>-Intervensi Pertuturan, Bahasa dan Komunikasi<\/p><p>-Terapi Carakerja<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>4. Latihan kemahiran keibubapaan perlu ditawarkan kepada ibu bapa yang mempunyai anak ASD.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>5. Perubatan Tradisional dan Komplementari tidak disyorkan kepada kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD kerana tiada bukti yang mencukupi dan berpotensi memberi kesan berbahaya.<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"rujukan\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"6\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><\/span><h5 class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Rujukan<\/h5><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" aria-labelledby=\"rujukan\"><p>Diadaptasi daripada:QR for Healthcare Providers.Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e186bec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e186bec\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2310e1e\" data-id=\"2310e1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477b90e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"477b90e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autism Spectrum Disorders -\u201cAutism Spectrum Disorder\u201d (ASD) ialah gangguan perkembangan saraf yang menyebabkan gangguan dalam komunikasi, tingkah laku dan fungsi sosial yang bermula pada zaman kanak-kanak.Diagnosis awal dan intervensi segera bagi kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ASD adalah penting untuk hasil yang lebih baik. Diagnosa -\u201cModified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers\u201d (M-CHAT) boleh digunakan sebagai alat saringan untuk ASD di kalangan kanak-kanak berumur 18 bulan dan diulangi semula pada 24 bulan jika kanak-kanak itu melepasi M-CHAT yang lebih awal. \u00a0 -Ia boleh digunakan untuk menyaring kanak-kanak sehingga umur 30 bulan sekiranya kanak-kanak itu terlepas saringan awal. \u00a0 -Kanak-kanak yang disyaki menghidap ASD [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4946","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4946"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4946\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jknjohor.moh.gov.my\/hpermai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}